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Category Archives: Surrey

V is for volunteer

25 Thursday Apr 2019

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2019, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day, cemetery, Surrey, Wiltshire, World War 1, Young

≈ 7 Comments

Between 1914 and 1918, 350,000 Australians enlisted in the armed services to fight for their country and the Empire.

Among these were my husband’s grandfather, Cecil Young (1898 – 1975) and his brother, John Percy (Jack) Young (1896 – 1918).

Both men and both their parents were been born in Australia.

When war threatened in August 1914, Australia, a Dominion of the British Empire, knew she was bound to join in. On 31 July 1914 in an election speech at Colac in Victoria, the Opposition Leader Andrew Fisher (ALP) famously declared that ‘… Australians will stand beside the mother country to help and defend her to our last man and our last shilling’. A few days later, on 4 August 1914, Britain declared war against Germany. On 5 August, attempting to prevent a German ship escaping from Port Phillip, Australia fired her first shot against the enemy.

In October 1916 Jack Young, aged 20, signed up, becoming, as a member of the Australian Imperial Force, a soldier of Australia and the Empire.

The war was not going well for the Allies.

On 19-20 July that year Australians had suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Fromelles in France. The cost in Australian lives was the highest in any 24 hour period of the war. Among those killed in the fighting was Jack’s half-brother Leslie Leister.

From 23 July to 3 September 1916 Australian forces suffered badly at the Battle of Pozières in northern France. The Australian official historian Charles Bean wrote that Pozières ridge “is more densely sown with Australian sacrifice than any other place on earth.” Among those killed were Wes Rowlands of Homebush, an acquaintance of Jack and Cecil.

The slaughter in France left the Australian forces under-strength, and it was widely believed that conscription was necessary to maintain troop levels. This was view of the Australian Prime Minister, Billy Hughes, which the losses at Pozières seemed to confirm. Not all Federal politicians supported Hughes, however, and the matter was put to a
plebiscite. After a divisive public debate and strong campaigning on both sides, on 28 October 1916, the “No” vote narrowly prevailed

Jack Young’s enlistment – he signed his attestation papers on 3 October 1916 – came at the height of this conscription debate.

Jack Young was not yet 21 and would not have been conscripted anyway.

After 6 weeks in the AIF Signal School Jack sailed on the ‘Medic’, leaving on 16 December and disembarking in Plymouth 18 February 1917. He was first at Hurdcott camp, 7 miles from Salisbury. A few weeks later he marched out to Sutton Mandeville, 15 miles west. There was a camp at Fovant nearby. From Fovant he was transferred on 7 April to Durrington 20 miles to the north-east; the military settlement of Larkhill is nearby. On 1 January 1918 he sailed for France.

Fovant badges AIF on right

Fovant Badges The badges were cut into the chalk hills near the miltary camp and originate from 1916. From the left:- The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, 6th London Regiment and the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces.

Fovant AIF badge

The Australian Rising Sun emblem cut in the side of a hill. Australian War Memorial ID number H13577

1424f-e03830

Group portrait of the Signal Section of the 10th Infantry Brigade, outside the Chateau at Querrieu, 7 July 1918. Pte J. Young is in the back row eighth from the left (fourth from the right). Australian War Memorial photograph E03830

On 26 August, wounded in a mustard gas attack, Jack was admitted to a Line of Communications hospital. On 28 August he was invalided to England and admitted to Beaufort Hospital near Bristol.

On 26 September Jack was discharged on furlough from Beaufort hospital, but on 6 November he was in hospital again, the 3rd Auxiliary Hospital Dartford. At 11:40 a.m. on 9 November 1918, two days before the war ended, Jack died of pneumonia. He is buried at Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey.

Brookwood cemetery January 1919 4168887

Wooden crosses mark graves in the AIF section at Brookwood Cemetery January 1919. Photograph from the Australian War Memorial Accession Number D00190

I have written about Cecil’s war experience at Cecil Young and family: Cecil’s early life up to end World War I . I have previously remembered Jack at John Percival Young (1896 – 1918).

R is for Runnymede

20 Saturday Apr 2019

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2019, Royal family, Surrey, wikitree

≈ 6 Comments

Kings and Queens Farjeon ThornycroftI learnt most of the little English history I know from a comical book in verse, first published in 1932, called ”Kings and Queens” by the playwright and critic Herbert Farjeon (1887 – 1945) and his sister Eleanor (1881 – 1965), a children’s writer. (Early editions have wonderful illustrations by Rosalind Thornycroft.) My father had ”Kings and Queens” when he was a child.

When Greg and I go to England in May we will visit Runnymede, where bad King John was made to sign the Magna Carta.

This is the ”Kings and Queens” account of it:

John, John, bad King John
Shamed the throne that he sat on.

…
So the Barons brought a Deed
Down to rushy Runnymede,
Magna Carta was it hight,*
Charter of the People’s Right,
Framed and fashioned to correct
Kings who act with disrespect –
And with stern and solemn air,
Pointing to the parchment there,
‘Sign! Sign! Sign!’ they said,
‘Sign, King John, or resign instead!’

King John (r. 1199 – 1216) was my 24th great grandfather (many millions of people have him as an ancestor, of course).

Magna Carta

The Magna Carta (originally known as the Charter of Liberties) of 1215, written in iron gall ink on parchment in medieval Latin, using standard abbreviations of the period, authenticated with the Great Seal of King John. The original wax seal was lost over the centuries. This document is held at the British Library and is identified as “British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.106”

The Magna Carta, which King John signed in 1215, means ‘Great Charter’. It established the principle in the English system of justice that everybody, including the king, was subject to the law. The Magna Carta had 63 clauses, most of them dealing with specific grievances associated with taxation. For example, the Charter demanded the removal of fish weirs from the Thames, the Medway and throughout England; the dismissal of several royal servants; and the standardisation of various weights and measures. However, there were clauses that established more fundamental values, and these have lasted for 800 years. For example the 39th clause gave all ‘free men’ the right to justice and a fair trial. The third clause is the most famous:

No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice.

A council of 25 barons, known as the Surety Barons, was appointed under clause 61 to monitor King John’s conduct. Somewhat surprisingly none of the barons were bishops or otherwise high in the hierarchy of the Church. The process of appointment is not known, but the names were apparently drawn almost exclusively from among John’s more active opponents.

Wikitree, an online collaborative worldwide family tree, has a project devoted to the Magna Carta. At this online tree I searched for my connection the Surety Barons using Wikitree’s relationship finder (this link and the links below are connected to my Wikitree profile. You can find out your connection to the barons by substituting your own Wikitree profile I.D.). Seventeen of the original 25 have known descendants past the fourth generation. I am related to all 17:

  • William d’Aubigny: my 23rd great grandfather through my Chauncy forebears
  • Hugh & Roger le Bigod: my 26th and 27th great grandfathers through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Henry de Bohun: my 26th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Gilbert & Richard de Clare: my 27th and 28th great grandfathers through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • John Fitz Robert: my 25th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Robert FitzWalter: my 25th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • William de Huntingfield: my 27th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • John de Lacy: my 24th great grandfather through my Chauncy forebears
  • William de Lanvallei: my 24th great grandfather through my Mainwaring > Pye > Crewe>Vaux forebears
  • William Malet: my 25th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • William de Mowbray: my 24th great grandfather through my Mainwaring > Pye > Crewe>Vaux forebears
  • Saer de Quincy: my 26th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Robert de Ros: my 27th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Geoffrey de Say: my 24th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears
  • Robert de Vere : my 25th great grandfather through my Dana > Kinnaird > Gordon forebears

I am apparently descended from all of the barons who had descendants, but through three different lines: my Dana, Mainwaring and Chauncy lines. Many of the barons were related. I haven’t confirmed all the links myself yet. In using the pedigrees on Wikitree I depend on the work of other people, of course, and this is possibly not completely reliable.

The Wikitree project uses the work of Royal Ancestry: a Study of Colonial & Medieval Families by Douglas Richardson (2013), Volumes 1-5, and in Magna Carta Ancestry: a Study of Colonial & Medieval Families, also by Douglas Richardson (2011). These works focus on American colonists with Magna Carta ancestry and well-documented ancestral lines. Both my Dana and Chauncy lines are American colonial lines and are well documented, though in fact the Dana connections to the barons are not American colonial but Scottish.

I have potentially 67,108,864 24th great grandparents. The actual number will be a lot smaller because of pedigree collapse: the number of distinct ancestors reduces quickly when cousins, including distant cousins, have children together.

The number of descendants from those 24th, 25th, 26th, and 27th great grandparents is staggering. Some lines do die out, for example, 8 of the 25 surety barons are believed not to have descendants, but many millions of people are descended from those few people who signed a vow to enforce Magna Carta in 1215.

Sometimes I wonder why–or whether–genealogy matters. Establishing family connections is a sort of historical jigsaw puzzle, and I enjoy puzzles, but my interest in the Magna Carta really derives from its significance as a cornerstone of English – and so, Australian – law, not because of my remote connection to King John and the Surety Barons.

Runnymede geograph-4431706-by-David-Dixon

The Magna Carta Memorial includes a pillar of English granite on which is inscribed “To commemorate Magna Carta, symbol of Freedom Under Law”. The memorial was created by the American Bar Association (ABA) and was unveiled on 18 July 1957 at a ceremony attended by American and English lawyers. The memorial stands in the meadow known historically as Long Mede: it is likely that the actual site of the sealing of Magna Carta lay further east, towards Egham and Staines.

Footnote

* ‘Hight’ means ‘called’, or ‘named’.

Sources

  • http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Reading_Revolutions/MagnaCarta/index.html
  • https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-an-introduction
  • https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Surety_Barons

G is for Gainsborough

08 Monday Apr 2019

Posted by Anne Young in Bath, Brighton, divorce, Surrey, Wade

≈ 9 Comments

Gainsborough, Thomas, 1727-1788; Captain William Wade

Captain William Wade by Thomas Gainsborough. Image retrieved through https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/captain-william-wade-40008

William Wade, born about 1733, was the great nephew of Field-Marshal George Wade (1673 – 1748), best remembered as the builder of military roads in Scotland and as a long-time member of Parliament for Bath. William Wade, sometimes incorrectly stated to be one of the illegitimate sons of the Field Marshall, is named in George Wade’s 1747 will as the son of George Wade’s nephew Major Wade.

I am distantly related to William Wade: he was the father-in-law of my fifth great uncle Philip Champion Crespigny.

William Wade was educated at the Westminster School and then had a career in the army.

In December 1760 he married Catherine Gore, daughter of Henry Gore of Leatherhead, Surrey. William and Catherine had at least four children, three daughters and a son.

In April 1769, William Wade, at that time holding the rank of Captain, was elected Master of Ceremonies at Bath. Beau Nash (1674 – 1761) was his most notable predecessor in the position. Nash’s place there was unofficial but he met visitors to Bath, encouraged them to subscribe to the Assembly Rooms and kept the peace by enforcing the rules there. Nash made money by sharing in the receipts from the subscriptions and the benefit balls. By the time Wade was appointed, the position was by the election of subscribers of the Assembly Rooms and a salary was paid to the holder of the position from the proceeds of the benefit balls.

1769 cartoon King of Bath election

Female intrepidity, or the battle of the belles on ye election of a King of Bath. May 1769. Etching. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0. Image retrieved from https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qkyn4etc

The season at Bath ran from October to May. Patronised by the Prince of Wales, Brighton also became a fashionable summer resort, known for sea bathing. Since the social seasons of Bath and Brighton did not overlap, Wade was able to occupy positions in both places; he held the post of Master of Ceremonies at Brighton from 1767.

At Bath, the Lower Assembly Rooms were built in the early 1700s. The Upper Assembly Rooms, which had four rooms: the Ball Room, the Tea or Concert Room, the Octagon Room (which links the rooms together), and the Card Room, were built between 1769 and 1771. William Wade presided over the ball conducted to open the new Rooms.

The Octagon Room began life as a card room, where people gathered at tables to play whist and other games of chance. At the centre of the room is a particularly spectacular Whitefriars crystal chandelier, the largest in the building. It was made in 1771 and has 48 lights, originally candles.

Octagon Room

Octagon Room, Bath Assembly Rooms photographed by Glitzy queen00 at English Wikipedia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Octagon_Room.jpg), CC BY-SA 3.0

Chandelier in the Octagon Room, Bath Assembly Rooms.

Chandelier in the Octagon Room, Bath Assembly Rooms. Photograph by Heather Cowper who blogs at www.heatheronhertravels.com/ retrieved from Wikimedia Commons, originally uploaded to https://www.flickr.com/photos/heatheronhertravels/4547807786 CC by 2.0

In 1771 Thomas Gainsborough, then living in the Circus at Bath, painted a portrait of Captain William Wade as a present to the new Assembly Rooms. This picture of the first Master of Ceremonies at the Assembly Rooms was hung in the Octagon Room, and hangs there again today. The portrait includes his badge of office, a gold medal enamelled blue worn on an indigo ribbon.

In 1777 Captain Wade was named in divorce proceedings between John Campbell Hooke Esq and Elizabeth Eustatia Campbell Hooke nee Bassett.

Wade lost the position of Master of Ceremonies at Bath as a consequence of the scandal but continued as Master of Ceremonies at Brighton.

Henry Gore, the father of Catherine Wade nee Gore, died in 1777. He left his estates to his son-in-law William and daughter Catherine. These estates included the Mansion at Leatherhead, Surrey, 47 miles north of Brighton and close to one of the main routes from London to Brighton. William Wade would have found the residence conveniently close to Brighton for his duties there.

Following the death of Catherine Wade nee Gore on 26 April 1787 William Wade married Elizabeth Eustatia Bassett, a ‘single woman’, by licence on 30 June 1787. They had already had a daughter together, Georgina Dennison Bassett Wade, who was born in 1783 or possibly as early as 1777. (The index of her death in 1863 said she was 86 when she died and thus born 1777; the census of 1851 gives her age as 68 and thus born 1783.) Georgina was mentioned in her father’s will.

William Wade’s son, Henry Gore Wade, died at sea in 1814. William’s three daughters by Catherine Gore shared in the estate. One of the daughters, Emilia, married Philip Champion Crespigny (1765 – 1851). Philip and Emilia lived in the Mansion at Leatherhead after Henry Gore Wade’s death. Emilia died in 1832.

In his role of Master of Ceremonies at Bath he would possibly have met my 5th great grandfather Philip Champion Crespigny (1738 – 1803), who built his house there in 1786.

Related posts

  • Philip de Crespigny in the French Revolution
  • Deaths at sea

Sources and further reading

  • Dodgson, Stephen. “THE BABE OF TANGIER: AN ENQUIRY INTO THE LIFE AND CIRCLE OF GENERAL GEORGE WADE.” Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, vol. 82, no. 330, 2004, pp. 109–131. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44231055.
  • Sloman, Susan Legouix, ‘The Immaculate Capt. Wade’, Gainsborough’s House Review 1993/4 (1994): 46 – 62 retrieved through University of Melbourne library
  • John Eglin (2005). The Imaginary Autocrat: Beau Nash and the Invention of Bath. Profile Books. pp. 241-2. Retrieved through Google books.
  • THE GENTLEMAN’S MAGAZINE, AND HIFTORICAL CHRONICLE. VOLUME XXXIX. 1769 p. 213.
  • ‘The borough of Brighton’, in A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, the Rape of Lewes, ed. L F Salzman (London, 1940), pp. 244-263. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol7/pp244-263 [accessed 19 March 2019].
  • Rendell, Mike. “The Bath Adonis – a Man in a Gorgeous Waistcoat – and a Penchant for Married Women…” Georgian Gentlemen, Mike Rendell, 10 Feb. 2019, mikerendell.com/the-bath-adonis-a-man-in-a-gorgeous-waistcoat-and-a-penchant-for-married-women/.
  • Trials for Adultery, Or, The History of Divorces. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 26–35. Republished by the Lawbook Exchange in 2006 and viewed through Google Books
  • https://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/works-art
  • https://thebathmagazine.co.uk/let-me-entertain-you/
  • https://thebathmagazine.co.uk/thomas-gainsborough-making-ugly-people-beautiful/
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    • Durham Light Infantry (1)
    • Napoleonic wars (9)
      • Waterloo (2)
    • navy (19)
    • prisoner of war (10)
    • Remembrance Day (5)
    • World War 1 (63)
    • World War 2 (18)
  • obituary (10)
  • occupations (43)
    • artist (7)
    • author (5)
    • aviation (3)
    • British East India Company (1)
    • clergy (2)
    • farming (1)
    • lawyer (8)
    • medicine (13)
    • public service (1)
    • railways (3)
    • teacher (2)
  • orphanage (2)
  • Parliament (5)
  • photographs (12)
    • Great great Aunt Rose's photograph album (6)
  • piracy (3)
  • police (2)
  • politics (17)
  • portrait (15)
  • postcards (3)
  • prison (4)
  • probate (8)
  • PROV (2)
  • Recipe (1)
  • religion (26)
    • Huguenot (9)
    • Methodist (4)
    • Mormon pioneer (1)
    • Puritan (1)
    • Salvation Army (1)
  • Royal family (5)
  • sheriff (1)
  • shipwreck (3)
  • South Sea Company (2)
  • sport (14)
    • cricket (2)
    • golf (4)
    • riding (1)
    • rowing (2)
    • sailing (1)
  • statistics (4)
    • demography (3)
  • street directories (1)
  • temperance (1)
  • Trove (37)
  • Uncategorized (12)
  • ward of the state (2)
  • Wedding (20)
  • will (6)
  • workhouse (1)
  • younger son (3)

Pages

  • About
  • Ahentafel index
  • Books
    • Champions from Normandy
    • C F C Crespigny nee Dana
    • Pink Hats on Gentle Ladies: second edition by Vida and Daniel Clift
  • Index
    • A to Z challenges
    • DNA research
    • UK trip 2019
    • World War 1
    • Boltz and Manock family index
    • Budge and Gunn family index
    • Cavenagh family index
    • Chauncy family index
    • Cross and Plowright family index
    • Cudmore family index
    • Dana family index
    • Dawson family index
    • de Crespigny family index
    • de Crespigny family index 2 – my English forebears
    • de Crespigny family index 3 – the baronets and their descendants
    • Edwards, Ralph and Gilbart family index
    • Hughes family index
    • Mainwaring family index
      • Back to 1066 via the Mainwaring family
    • Sullivan family index
    • Young family index

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