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Category Archives: World War 1

V is for Victory

25 Saturday Apr 2020

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2020, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day, World War 1, World War 2

≈ 6 Comments

In Australia today is ANZAC Day, the anniversary of the first large (and pointless and losing) military action by Australian and New Zealand soldiers (the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps), their landing at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915.

11 November 1918, when WWI came to a halt, was called Armistice Day. It was a truce, not a victory. Armistice Day is set aside as a day to remember all the men and women who served in Australia’s armed forces.

When WWII in Europe ended with the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945, the day was known (on the Allied side) as V-E (Victory in Europe) day. In London there was great celebration.

Churchill_waves_to_crowds

Prime Minister Winston Churchill waves to crowds in Whitehall on the day he broadcast to the nation that the war with Germany had been won, 8 May 1945. Imperial War Museum photograph H 41849 retrieved from Wikimedia Commons.

British Movietone News Film of VE Day in London 1945:

V E Day began with Mr Churchill’s broadcast officially announcing the end of war in Europe. Londoners took to the streets in celebrations which continued for nearly two days. Outside Buckingham Palace the crowds chanted ‘we want the King’ and were rewarded by the Royal Family appearing on the balcony. At nine o’clock in the evening the King broadcast to Britain and the Commonwealth.

Plans for V-E day had been announced in Australian newspapers on 2 May, a week before.

The war was not finished for Australians, however. The Japanese had not yet surrendered and Australia and its allies were still fighting in the Pacific. The Adelaide News noted that “the Allied victory in Europe, V-E Day, was [celebrated] in Adelaide in an atmosphere of sober satisfaction and thanksgiving rather than one of wild rejoicing.”
(News (Adelaide), 8 May, p. 3.)

The front page of the Adelaide News on 9 May did not report local V-E celebrations. It gave prominence instead to an article announcing that King George VI had pledged Britain would use all her resources in the war against Japan.

It was more than three months before Japan surrendered, on 15 August 1945 August, finally ending WWII for Australia. This day was celebrated as V-J (Victory over Japan) Day.

VJ day Adelaide Advertiser

WORLD REJOICES AT VICTORY (1945, August 17). The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43506752

“The Fallen of World War II” is an animated documentary about war and peace that looks at data on the human cost of the wars in the twentieth century and how these compare to wars in the distant past and more recently.

 

I hope we never forget the suffering and misery of war and the unspeakable wickedness and stupidity of people who let it happen.

Deckchairs on the Mooltan

23 Sunday Feb 2020

Posted by Anne Young in CdeC Australia, Cudmore, Sepia Saturday, World War 1

≈ 8 Comments

This week’s Sepia Saturday prompt is a 1939 photograph of four men sitting in deck chairs on a ship bound for the Congo.

I have something similar.

Among my paternal grandmother’s photographs is a casual shot of her father, Arthur Murray Cudmore, her future father in law, CTC de Crespigny, and Bronte Smeaton, another Adelaide doctor, in deckchairs on RMS Mooltan sailing to Lemnos in the Aegean, near Gallipoli, in 1915. Both Drs de Crespigny and Cudmore held the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel: de Crespigny was Registrar and Secretary and Cudmore a consultant surgeon of the 3rd Australian Hospital.

07d0f-cudmorearthurmurray1915withtrentdecrespigny

Arthur Murray Cudmore with Trent de Crespigny [centre] & Bronte Smeaton [left] in 1915 at sea. Picture from my grandmother Kathleen née Cudmore’s scrapbook. (Kathleen later married the son of Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny.)

23ae9-mooltan1915awmc01009

18 May 1915 Crowds of well-wishers farewell Australian Army Medical Corps (AAMC) personnel who have just embarked on the transport HMT Mooltan at Port Melbourne railway pier. Australian War Memorial image id C01009 retrieved from http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C01009/

My great grandfathers served at Lemnos with the Third Australian General Hospital receiving sick and wounded soldiers from Gallipoli.

In January 1916 the hospital closed. De Crespigny was put in charge of the 1st Australian General Hospital at Heliopolis. The staff of the hospital sailed for Marseilles in 1916 from Alexandria.

On 24 March 1916 Alice Ross King received her orders to sail to France. She and her fellow nurses from No. 1 Australian General Hospital waited on the pier at Alexandria, weighed down with the booty from a final shopping spree. One nurse had a canary in a cage. A captain was told to make sure all the nurses were on board the hospital ship Braemar Castle.‘Not knowing the AANS he told us to form a double row to “number off”,’ Alice recounted.‘He wanted 120. Each time he got a different number. He was terribly worried. Finally our big [commanding officer] Col De Crespigny came down the gangway to see what was the matter. In his tired voice he called out, “Sisters! Form a fairly straight line. Left turn! Get on board.” “Oh! Sir,” said Matron, “they are not all here.” “Then they’ll be left behind,” said our CO. Our first hard lesson! We had always been fussed over [and] spoilt before,’ Alice wrote, with a shade of overstatement. (Rees, Peter. The Other Anzacs: Nurses at War 1914-1918. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 2008. Retrieved from https://epdf.pub/other-anzacs-the-nurses-at-war-1914-1918.html)

I never knew my great grandfather Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny, and my impression of him is derived from what my father can remember and other people’s memoirs. But this story, of him of directing people to get on with it, sounds characteristic. It certainly brings him to life for me.

Another shipboard anecdote is set in the journey home. My great grandfather, supposedly averse to brisk exercise, did his rounds of the deck very very slowly. But he met a satirical suggestion about his speed with a rapid retort:

de Crespigny slow walk 1941

The TALK OF THE TOWN (1941, January 11). The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954), p. 7. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55761367

Both my great grandfathers arrived back from the war on Tuesday 13 May 1919 on the HMAT Dunluce Castle.

Dunluce Castle Cudmore 1919

Dunluce Castle de Crespigny 1919

Personal Notes. (1919, May 17). Observer (Adelaide, SA : 1905 – 1931), p. 12. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164132088

Dunluce Castle AWM 1915

Soldiers line the deck of the hospital ship HMAT Dunluce Castle in the harbour in Malta about 1915. Image from the Australian War Memorial P05382.015

Related posts

  • Arthur Murray Cudmore World War I service
  • No 3 AGH (Australian General Hospital) Lemnos Christmas Day
  • R is for No. 1 Australian General Hospital at Rouen
  • The patients of No. 1 A.G.H. France during World War 1
  • U is for Unibic biscuit tin

A scarf for General Birdwood

29 Wednesday Jan 2020

Posted by Anne Young in 52 ancestors, Bank of Victoria, Beggs, Champion de Crespigny, World War 1

≈ 2 Comments

Everyone knows about WWI comfort funds and the socks that were knitted for the Diggers in the trenches.

But have you heard about the scarf that was knitted for their commanding General?

Birdwood Gallipoli 1915 awm 6184034

Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 1915. General William Riddell Birdwood (outside his dugout at Anzac. Photograph by Ernest Brooks and retrieved from the Australian War Memorial G00761

In 1916, Sophia, Mrs Philip Champion de Crespigny, (1870 – 1936), second wife of my great great grandfather, started a campaign to knit a scarf for General Birdwood, the popular commander-in-chief of Australian divisions on the front.

The first anniversary of the landing at ANZAC was observed on Tuesday 25 April 1916, with prayers and mourning for the dead.

Three days later ‘ANZAC Button Day’, with parades and many stalls and kiosks, was held in Melbourne to raise money for the troops. One of the attractions was a kiosk, ‘erected by the St. George Society’, an English patriotic society, where for sixpence patriotic knitters could add a row to scarf for General Birdwood.

Mrs Philip Champion de Crespigny was responsible for this money-raising idea.

Sophia Cde C nee Beggs 1894

Sophia Champion de Crespigny about 1894

Two of her sons and two step-sons enlisted during World War 1:

  • Hugh Vivian Champion_de_Crespigny 1897 – 1969 enlisted 30 August
    1914 and later joined the Royal Air Force
  • Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny (1882 – 1952) enlisted 20
    May 1915
  • Francis George Travers Champion_de_Crespigny 1892 – 1968 enlisted
    10 November 1917
  • Philip Champion_de_Crespigny 1879 – 1918 enlisted 26 November 1918
    and killed in action July 1918

Within a week, a quarter of a yard had been added to Mrs de Crespigny’s scarf, with many sixpences added to the funds. She was aiming for 1½ yards.

Adelaide commentators seem to have been a bit over-critical. The edge of the scarf was wobbly, ‘goffered’ it was said, which means fluted or serrated. Knitters ply their needles differently, of course, at different tensions, so the collaborative scarf could not be expected to be perfectly uniform.

By mid-May Sophia de Crespigny had received so many applications for row-knitting that she hired a room at 349 Collins Street, not far from her husband’s office at 257 Collins Street [he was the general manager at a bank there], where she met prospective knitters between 10 o’clock and half past four on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

In June Sophia de Crespigny travelled to Geelong, where would-be scarf-knitters would find her at the Bank of Victoria in Malop Street.

The Geelong Advertiser reported that the scarf was khaki with a border of General Birdwood’s colours: red, purple, and black, and a touch of yellow. The scarf was now 2½ yards long.

By mid-August Birdwood’s scarf, completed, and yard longer than planned, was put on display in the window of Messrs Singer and Co. in the Block Arcade on Collins Street. There was also a book with the names of over 300 of its volunteer knitters. Sophia’s scarf campaign had raised £13. The Melbourne Lady Mayoress’ fund for Red Cross got £2 18/-, and £10 2/- was presented to the Y.M.C.A. for the benefit of the Australian soldiers at the Front (a national appeal).

Melbourne Punch 24 August 1916 page 32

Melbourne Punch 24 August 1916 page 32

Among letters received by General Birdwood, now digitised by the Australian War Memorial, is one from Sophia, Mrs Philip Champion de Crespigny, forwarding the scarf and the book of names of the ladies who worked on it.

Birdwood lettter 1 6098251
Birdwood letter 2 6098252
Birdwood letter 3 6098253

Letter from Sophia Champion de Crespigny to General Birdwood enclosing a scarf and a book with the names of the knitters. Retrieved from the Australian War Memorial Letters received by Field Marshal Lord William Birdwood, 1 June 1916 – 25 December 1916 https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C2084586?image=107

scarf AWM 4230193

I have not found a picture of General Birdwood in a scarf. This picture from the Australian War Memorial is from about 1915: The officer in the foreground, rugged up in a greatcoat and scarf, is possibly Major Harold A Powell of the Australian Army Medical Corps (AAMC). The tents in the middle distance on the left are probably those of a field hospital; the location appears to be the Gallipoli Peninsula.

 

General Birdwood’s reply to Sophia de Crespigny was published in the Geelong Advertiser.

Birdwood letter Geelong Advertiser 1916 12 05 a

Birdwood letter Geelong Advertiser 1916 12 05 b

Birdwood mentions that his aide-de-camp Henry de Crespigny (1882 – 1946) was a cousin of Sophia’s husband [Henry was Philip de Crespigny’s 3rd cousin once removed]. Birdwood also mentions Dr de Crespigny and ‘his hospital’. This was the 1st Australian General Hospital in Rouen, commanded by Philip’s son – Sophia’s step-son – Constantine Trent de Crespigny.

Birdwood 1918 trench awm 4096023

General Sir William Riddell Birdwood visiting a Battalion Headquarters in the support line trenches in Ungodly Avenue in the Messines Sector, in Belgium, on 25 January 1918. General Birdwood is second from the left. Australian War Memorial image E01495

Across Australia many other scarves were knitted by ladies who gave their sixpences and shillings to raise money for the soldiers, and it seems more than likely that Sophia’s was not the first. I’m not a great knitter myself – I started a scarf in the 1980s, which forty years later is still less than a foot long – but I’m delighted to have a family connection with Sophia’s.

Sources

  • ANZAC BUTTON DAY (1916, April 29). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 19. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2099087 
  • ITEMS OF INTEREST (1916, May 9). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 8. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2097012 
  • Melbourne Letter. (1916, May 10). Critic (Adelaide, SA : 1897-1924), p. 24. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212165326 
  • “Goffer.” The Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Inc., https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/goffer 
  • LADY KITTY IN MELBOURNE. (1916, May 20). Observer (Adelaide, SA : 1905 – 1931), p. 7. Retrieved January 28, 2020, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164664340 
  • ITEMS OF INTEREST (1916, May 15). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 8. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2105490 
  • GENERAL BIRDWOOD’S SCARF. (1916, June 1). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1859 – 1929), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article132736659 
  • GENERAL BIRDWOOD’S SCARF. (1916, June 5). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1859 – 1929), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article132737110 
  • NATIONAL FUNDS. (1916, August 17). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 9. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1613276 
  • GENERAL BIRDWOOD’S SCARF. (1916, August 23). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1859 – 1929), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130692189 
  • THE LADIES LETTER (1916, August 24). Punch (Melbourne, Vic. : 1900 – 1918; 1925), p. 32. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article121078394 
  • GEN. BIRDWOOD’S SCARF. (1916, December 5). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1859 – 1929), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130671603 

 

Other scarves were also knitted for General Birdwood during 1916

  • MOSTLY ABOUT PEOPLE. (1916, May 16). Kyneton Guardian (Vic. : 1870 – 1880; 1914 – 1918), p. 2. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129594972 
  • EVERY WOMAN (1916, May 20). The Journal (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1923), p. 10 (NIGHT EDITION). Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article201904003 
  • FROM NEAR AND FAR. (1916, May 31). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 – 1954), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15639838 
  • Park Fence Must Go (1916, June 9). Malvern Courier and Caulfield Mirror (Vic. : 1914 – 1917), p. 1. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130658111 
  • RED CROSS (1916, July 16). Sunday Times (Sydney, NSW : 1895 – 1930), p. 25. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article121347053 
  • SOCIAL CHAT (1916, July 31). The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 – 1954), p. 7. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223365185 
  • FOR WOMEN. (1916, August 30). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 – 1930), p. 6. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239216093 
  • PRESENTATION SCARF. (1916, August 24). Hamilton Spectator (Vic. : 1870 – 1918), p. 4. Retrieved  from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133706220
  • SCARF for GENERAL BIRDWOOD. (1916, December 14). Hamilton Spectator (Vic. : 1870 – 1918), p. 4. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129391992  
  • BALLINA WAR CHEST. (1916, September 16). Northern Star (Lismore, NSW : 1876 – 1954), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92970437 
  • “MAGNIFICENT MEN.” (1916, November 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 – 1954), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15701183 
  • GENERAL BIRDWOOD’S SCARF. (1917, February 6). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 – 1933), p. 8. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20155560

A miniature note

05 Thursday Dec 2019

Posted by Anne Young in Champion de Crespigny, Hughes, portrait, World War 1

≈ Leave a comment

A year ago I wrote about a miniature portrait of my grandfather Geoff de Crespigny painted by the wife of his maternal uncle, Olive Amy Hughes née Chatfield (1880 – 1945). Olive married Vyvyan Hughes in 1916. Sadly, he died soon afterwards in a military hospital.

Before her marriage Olive Chatfield lived in Adelaide from about 1910 to 1916. She returned to New Zealand in November 1916.

A de Crespigny cousin has sent me a photograph of a portrait of Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny, Geoff’s father, my great grandfather.

CTCdeC miniature from GM

A miniature portrait of Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny in the possession of a cousin

I think this miniature was painted before my great grandfather left for overseas service with the Australian Imperial Force in May 1915. Or perhaps it was painted from a photograph taken before he left; the portrait is  similar to a photograph that appeared in the Adelaide Express and Telegraph on 20 May 1915.

1915 Off to the front a

1915 Off to the front b photo CTCdeC

1915 Off to the front c CTCdeC

OFF TO THE FRONT. (1915, May 20). The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, SA : 1867 – 1922), p. 5 (4 O’CLOCK EDITION. SPORTS NUMBER). Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article209986299

Related posts

  • Miniature portrait of Geoff de Crespigny by Olive A Chatfield
  • Arthur Murray Cudmore World War I service (discusses the departure of the contingent of Adelaide doctors including both my great grandfathers)
  • No 3 AGH (Australian General Hospital) Lemnos Christmas Day
  • U is for Unibic biscuit tin

Trove Tuesday: A Patriotic Family – the Butcher family of Bridgetown WA

12 Tuesday Nov 2019

Posted by Anne Young in cemetery, Gunn, Trove Tuesday, World War 1

≈ 2 Comments

In my post for Remembrance Day yesterday I listed only our closest relatives, up to first cousins. We also had many second cousins who fought in the war. In one family, named Butcher, six sons enlisted. Against the odds, all six returned to Australia.

Butcher Western Mail illustrated six sons

ILLUSTRATED SECTION (1916, July 14). Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 – 1954), p. 23. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37438960

 

I do not know if my great grandfather’s family, the Cudmores, knew the Butcher family. Before 1900 they lived at Wentworth, New South Wales, close to their Cudmore cousins, and the families may have been in contact, but around the turn of the century the Butchers moved to Bridgetown, Western Australia. (Recently I discovered that I share DNA with two descendants of Rachel Butcher née Gunn, the cousin of my great great grandmother Margaret Cudmore née Budge.)

Gunn Butcher Cudmore cousins (2)

Rachel Butcher née Gunn (1853 – 1937) was born in Wick, Caithness. In 1863, when she was ten years old, Rachel Gunn arrived in South Australia with her family on the “Ocean Chief”. Three more children were born to the Gunns in South Australia including a son named William Cudmore, whose second given name seems to indicate that the Gunns had, or wished for, a connection with their wealthy Cudmore relatives.

In 1869 at Wentworth, New South Wales, Rachel’s father William Gunn was kicked by a horse and died. It appears that the Gunn family had moved to Wentworth shortly before.

At Wentworth in 1875 Rachel Gunn married George Butcher (1852 – 1928). Between 1876 and 1898 they had ten children, all born in Wentworth.

The Butcher family moved to Bridgetown, Western Australia, in the early 1900s. In 1905 a son died there.

Frank Gunn Butcher, born 1886, enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on 19 October 1914. He was 28 years old, unmarried, and his occupation was orchardist. He had been apprenticed to a blacksmith.

Robert Rae Gunn Butcher, born 1891, enlisted in the AIF on 15 June 1915. He was 23 years old, unmarried, and gave his occupation as horse trainer.

Kennewell Gardiner Gunn Butcher, born 1895, enlisted 26 July 1915. He was 19 years old, unmarried, and gave his occupation as farmer.

George Henry Butcher, born 1881, enlisted in the AIF on 30 August 1915. He was 34 years old, a timber worker, married, no children.

Horace Butcher, born 1883, enlisted 20 November 1915. He was 32 years old (he said he was 35) and married. His occupation was labourer.

Ruben Murray Gunn Butcher, born 1888, enlisted 20 January 1916. He was 27 years old, married and living in Melbourne. His occupation was driver.

All six men were sent overseas. All returned to Australia.

Robert Rae Gunn served with the 2nd Field Company Engineers. He was gassed in January 1918 and returned to Australia on 17 June 1918. In January 1918 he was awarded the Military Medal.

Butcher Bob MM

PERSONAL. (1918, June 29). South Western Times (Bunbury, WA : 1917 – 1929), p. 5. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article210426837

George served with the 28th battalion. He returned to Australia 28 July 1918. He was recorded as suffering from a debility, trench fever (a fairly serious infection, transmitted by lice).

Ruben served with the 3rd Tunnelling Company and returned to Australia 19 April 1919. When he was discharged from the AIF in Melbourne he was stated to be unfit but is disability was not stated.

Horace also served with the 3rd Tunnelling Company and returned to Australia 19 April 1919. In the course of his service he was promoted to sergeant. He does not appear to have been wounded or hospitalised during the war.

Frank served with the Australian Army Medical Corps 7th sanitary section. He returned to Australia 3 July 1919.

Kennewell Butcher returned to Australia 10 July 2019. He served with the 10th Light Horse.

While five of the brothers lived to the 1950s and 60s, George died in 1923 at the relatively young age of 42.

George was buried at Karrakatta cemetery. I have recently learned that his headstone was removed from the gravesite in April 2006; the headstone apparently did not survive. Karrakatta have a “renewal” program, described on the cemetery’s website as “the redevelopment of existing cemetery burial areas to accommodate new gravesites and memorial locations.” George’s grave has been redeveloped.

AN KA 640i

I am very appreciative that the Metropolitan Cemeteries Board provided me with a photograph of George Butcher’s headstone taken prior to redevelopment.

Karrakatta Butcher GHG grave details

Karrakatta Cemetery record information for George Henry Gunn Butcher

 

2019 11 11 George Butcher's grave Karrakatta

On Remembrance Day 2011 a friend visited the gravesite and laid a poppy and sent me a photo

2019 11 11 George Butcher's grave

The grave site of George Butcher Remembrance Day 2019 – we have not forgotten

Butcher Plaque Perth Garden of Remembrance

George is now remembered with a bronze plaque in the Western Australia Garden of Remembrance is situated adjacent to Perth War Cemetery in Smythe Road, Nedlands. A staff member kindly sent me an image of the plaque.

 

George’s parents are buried in the Wesleyan section, at EA grave 594. The ashes of two of the brothers, Robert and Kennewell were placed at the family grave. The headstone commemorates only George and Rachel. This area is scheduled for redevelopment but I have been advised that this grave has been designated an Official War Grave and will remain.

Butcher George and Rachel Karrakatta

The grave of George and Rachel Butcher Karrakatta Cemetery Wesleyan Area or Denomination EA Section 0594 Photographed 11 November 2019

Frank was cremated and his ashes were scattered at Karrakatta. Horace was cremated. His ashes are at Karrakatta Lawn 5, Wall 10, position 121. Reuben was also cremated. His remains are in the crematorium Rose Gardens, Wall O position 333.

Links to First Australian Imperial Force Personnel Dossiers

  • B2455, BUTCHER F G Butcher Frank Gunn : SERN 607 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Bridgetown WA : NOK F Butcher G
  • B2455, BUTCHER R R G Butcher Robert Rae Gunn : SERN 2580 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Blackboy Hill WA : NOK F Butcher George
  • B2455, BUTCHER K G G Butcher Kennewell Gardiner Gunn : SERN 1749 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Blackboy Hill WA : NOK F Butcher George
  • B2455, BUTCHER G H G Butcher George Henry Gunn : SERN 935 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Blackboy Hill WA : NOK W Butcher Annie
  • B2455, BUTCHER H Butcher Horace : SERN 936 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Perth WA : NOK W Butcher Mary
  • B2455, BUTCHER R M G Butcher Ruben Murray Gunn : SERN 2440 : POB Wentworth NSW : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W Butcher Ellen

 

V is for volunteer

25 Thursday Apr 2019

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2019, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day, cemetery, Surrey, Wiltshire, World War 1, Young

≈ 7 Comments

Between 1914 and 1918, 350,000 Australians enlisted in the armed services to fight for their country and the Empire.

Among these were my husband’s grandfather, Cecil Young (1898 – 1975) and his brother, John Percy (Jack) Young (1896 – 1918).

Both men and both their parents were been born in Australia.

When war threatened in August 1914, Australia, a Dominion of the British Empire, knew she was bound to join in. On 31 July 1914 in an election speech at Colac in Victoria, the Opposition Leader Andrew Fisher (ALP) famously declared that ‘… Australians will stand beside the mother country to help and defend her to our last man and our last shilling’. A few days later, on 4 August 1914, Britain declared war against Germany. On 5 August, attempting to prevent a German ship escaping from Port Phillip, Australia fired her first shot against the enemy.

In October 1916 Jack Young, aged 20, signed up, becoming, as a member of the Australian Imperial Force, a soldier of Australia and the Empire.

The war was not going well for the Allies.

On 19-20 July that year Australians had suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Fromelles in France. The cost in Australian lives was the highest in any 24 hour period of the war. Among those killed in the fighting was Jack’s half-brother Leslie Leister.

From 23 July to 3 September 1916 Australian forces suffered badly at the Battle of Pozières in northern France. The Australian official historian Charles Bean wrote that Pozières ridge “is more densely sown with Australian sacrifice than any other place on earth.” Among those killed were Wes Rowlands of Homebush, an acquaintance of Jack and Cecil.

The slaughter in France left the Australian forces under-strength, and it was widely believed that conscription was necessary to maintain troop levels. This was view of the Australian Prime Minister, Billy Hughes, which the losses at Pozières seemed to confirm. Not all Federal politicians supported Hughes, however, and the matter was put to a
plebiscite. After a divisive public debate and strong campaigning on both sides, on 28 October 1916, the “No” vote narrowly prevailed

Jack Young’s enlistment – he signed his attestation papers on 3 October 1916 – came at the height of this conscription debate.

Jack Young was not yet 21 and would not have been conscripted anyway.

After 6 weeks in the AIF Signal School Jack sailed on the ‘Medic’, leaving on 16 December and disembarking in Plymouth 18 February 1917. He was first at Hurdcott camp, 7 miles from Salisbury. A few weeks later he marched out to Sutton Mandeville, 15 miles west. There was a camp at Fovant nearby. From Fovant he was transferred on 7 April to Durrington 20 miles to the north-east; the military settlement of Larkhill is nearby. On 1 January 1918 he sailed for France.

Fovant badges AIF on right

Fovant Badges The badges were cut into the chalk hills near the miltary camp and originate from 1916. From the left:- The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, 6th London Regiment and the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces.

Fovant AIF badge

The Australian Rising Sun emblem cut in the side of a hill. Australian War Memorial ID number H13577

1424f-e03830

Group portrait of the Signal Section of the 10th Infantry Brigade, outside the Chateau at Querrieu, 7 July 1918. Pte J. Young is in the back row eighth from the left (fourth from the right). Australian War Memorial photograph E03830

On 26 August, wounded in a mustard gas attack, Jack was admitted to a Line of Communications hospital. On 28 August he was invalided to England and admitted to Beaufort Hospital near Bristol.

On 26 September Jack was discharged on furlough from Beaufort hospital, but on 6 November he was in hospital again, the 3rd Auxiliary Hospital Dartford. At 11:40 a.m. on 9 November 1918, two days before the war ended, Jack died of pneumonia. He is buried at Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey.

Brookwood cemetery January 1919 4168887

Wooden crosses mark graves in the AIF section at Brookwood Cemetery January 1919. Photograph from the Australian War Memorial Accession Number D00190

I have written about Cecil’s war experience at Cecil Young and family: Cecil’s early life up to end World War I . I have previously remembered Jack at John Percival Young (1896 – 1918).

Remembering John Percival Young died 9 November 1918

09 Friday Nov 2018

Posted by Anne Young in Remembrance Day, World War 1, Young

≈ Leave a comment

With next Sunday Armistice Day it seems appropriate to recall that today is the hundredth anniversary of the death of one of our family’s WW1 soldiers, Jack Young, brother of my husband’s grandfather.

Jack – John Percival Young – enlisted in the Australian Imperial Forces on 6 October 1916. On 25 August 1918, while serving with HQ 10th Brigade – taking part in the so-called Hundred Days Offensive, the Allied attacks that brought the war to an end – he was wounded in a mustard gas attack and was admitted to a Line of Communications hospital. Three days later he was invalided to England, sent to Beaufort Hospital near Bristol.

He was discharged from Beaufort after a month, but within a few weeks he was back in hospital, the 3rd Auxiliary Hospital Dartford.

On 9 November 1918, two days before the war ended, Jack died of influenza and pneumonia. He is buried at Brookwood Military Cemetery.

94258-e03830

Group portrait of the Signal Section of the 10th Infantry Brigade, outside the Chateau at Querrieu, 7 July 1918. Pte J. Young is in the back row eighth from the left (fourth from the right).

 

Related post

  • John Percival Young (1896 – 1918)
  • Q is for Querrieu

W is for William

25 Wednesday Apr 2018

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2018, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day, France, Plowright, World War 1

≈ 9 Comments

Today 25th April in Australia it is is Anzac Day, set aside to honour the men and women who served in the Australian and New Zealand armies in World War I and II and other conflicts, especially in remembrance of those who were killed and never saw their country again.

My husband’s first cousin twice removed was William Stanley Plowright (1893-1917). He was born in 1893 in St Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne, the seventh of the eleven children of William John Plowright (1859-1914), a policeman, and Harriet Jane Plowright nee Hosking (1861-1946).

William enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in 1915 and fought at Gallipoli, where he was wounded. He was killed in the Battle of Lagnicourt in March 1917. William’s body was not found and he has no grave. The only local memorial of his death is his name listed on the war memorial at Villers-Bretonneux. This memorial was erected ‘to commemorate all Australian soldiers who fought in France and Belgium during the First World War, to their dead, and especially to name those of the dead whose graves are not known’. I wrote about him in two previous A to Z series:

  • 2014 – V is for Villers-Bretonneux
  • 2015 – L is for Lagnicourt

I have also written about a friend of his, ‘comrade of the late William Stanley Plowright’, named Johnna Bell, remembered by William’s family.

 

cd4ed-lagnicourtc00470

Australian War memorial photograph image id C00470. Photographer Ernest Charles Barnes, April 1917. Description: Two unidentified soldiers stand amid the shattered buildings in the French village of Lagnicourt, which was captured by the Australians in late March 1917 as the Germans withdrew towards the Hindenburg Line. The Germans heavily shelled the village as they retreated.

 

William is one of many in our family who died serving their country. This short list is of only our closest relatives:

World War 1

  • John Percy Young 1896 – 1918
    • died 9 November 1918 in England from the effects of a mustard gas attack in France and buried Brookwood Cemetery
  • Leslie Leister 1894 – 1916
    • died 20 July 1916 at Fromelles, France
  • Milo Massey Cudmore 1888 – 1916
    • died 27 March 1916 at St Eloi, France and remembered on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial
  • Philip Champion_de_Crespigny 1879 – 1918
    • died 14 July 1918 at Musallabah Hill, Jordan Valley, Palestine and is buried at Jerusalem War cemetery
  • Selwyn Goldstein  1873 – 1917
    • died 8 June 1917 at Loos, Belgium and buried Poperinghe New Military Cemetery
  • Vyvyan Westbury Hughes 1888 – 1916
    • died of illness on 28 April 1916 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He is remembered on the war memorial at Beaufort.
  • Walter Fish 1878 – 1915
    • died 13 July 1915 at Gallipoli and buried Shrapnel Valley Cemetery
  • William Alfred Fish  1890 – 1917
    • died 9 October 1917 at Passchendaele, near the town of Ypres in West Flanders and buried Oxford Road Cemetery
  • William Stanley Plowright 1893 – 1917
    • died 26 March 1917at Lagnicourt, France and is remembered at Villers BretonneuxMemorial
  • (and we remember also his mate Johnna Bell 1893-1918)

World War 2

  • Frank Robert Sewell 1905 – 1943
    • died 22 February 1943 in Queensland of illness and wounds having served in New Guinea
  • James Morphett Henderson 1915 – 1942
    • died 11 June 1942 off West Africa killed in a flying battle
remembrance-1057685_1280

Roll of Honour at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Photograph by Gerard4170 and published on pixabay.com.

A is for Arthur

01 Sunday Apr 2018

Posted by Anne Young in A to Z 2018, Sullivan, World War 1

≈ 17 Comments

My husband Greg’s maternal grandfather Arthur Sullivan (1891-1975) enlisted in the Australian Army on 22 July 1915. He had married in 1913 and had two small daughters.

1915 Arthur and family

Photograph of Arthur and his wife Stella and their two eldest daughters Lil and Vi. From the collection of one of Greg’s cousins.

The Gallipoli landings were reported in the newspapers in May 1915. Recruiting advertisements began to appear, offering attractive rates of pay, including additional amounts for wives and children.

nla.news-page000000381042-nla.news-article1523185-L3-046ca68d1c160501811d5f6bf4f76012-0001

Display Advertising (1915, June 10). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 6. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1523185

 

Arthur served on the Western Front as a sapper with the Fifth Pioneers. He returned to Australia from France in February 1918, invalided out with ‘debility’. His daughter Marjorie (1920-2007),  Greg’s mother, told me that her father suffered from shell shock after the war. As a little girl she was given the task of sitting with him when he got the horrors.

I viewed Arthur’s repatriation files in the National Archives at Melbourne. In 1931 Arthur was reported as suffering from a problem with his hands. The letters and reports of examination are extensive. His physical problems were deemed to be unrelated to his war experiences, however, and so he was granted only a minimal pension. Arthur is described in the files as a very thin grey-haired man. He was only 40.

The Great Depression, of course, came next, but Arthur and his family saw it out, and he lived in modest comfort with his wife Stella, mostly in Castlemaine, Victoria. They died in 1975: Arthur died on 11 September, 23 days after the death of Stella.

Sullivan Arthur repatriation - 91

One of the pages from NAA: B73, SULLIVAN, Arthur – Service Number – 4272

 

References

  • National Archives of Australia (NAA): B2455, SULLIVAN Arthur : Service Number – 4272 : Place of Birth – Bentleigh VIC : Place of Enlistment – Melbourne VIC : Next of Kin – (Wife) SULLIVAN Stella E G
  • NAA: B73, SULLIVAN, Arthur – Service Number – 4272
  • As an example of the reporting of the Gallipoli landings see (1915, May 3). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957), p. 8. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page379950

Related posts

  • O is for Oakleigh
  • U is for unwilling or hesitating to obey an order : Arthur’s brother Henry also served with the 5th Pioneers

 

No 3 AGH (Australian General Hospital) Lemnos Christmas Day

20 Wednesday Dec 2017

Posted by Anne Young in Champion de Crespigny, Cudmore, typhoid, World War 1

≈ 2 Comments

Remembering two of my great grandfathers who were at Lemnos near Gallipoli for Christmas 1915. The Adelaide Advertiser of 25 December 1915 reported: “The latest report with reference to Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel Cudmore, was at the hospital at Lemnos has been suffering from typhoid fever, is that he is making satisfactory progress under the, care of Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel de Crespigny.”

Anne's Family History

The group includes Colonel de Crespigny, Colonel Green (Sydney), Colonel Stawell, Major Kenneth Smith, Major Sherwin (Melbourne), Major Trethowar (Western Australia), Matron Wilson (Queensland), Major Lockhart Gibson (Sydney), Major Morton (Sydney), and Captain Graham (Sydney).
Photos by A.W. Savage. From The Sydney Mail, 29 March 1916. 
From Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/thrutheselines/6882699310/
 
Constantine Trent Champion de Crespigny was my great grandfather.  He enlisted in 1915 at the same time as another of my great grandfathers, Arthur Murray Cudmore, and my great uncle Wentworth Cavenagh-Mainwaring. My post about Arthur Murray Cudmore at http://ayfamilyhistory.com/2013/04/arthur-murray-cudmore-world-war-i_28.html covered their enlistment and voyage from Australia.
 
Daily experiences of the 3rd AGH were reported in the Nepean Times through correspondence from Corporal Gates.
 
…

From Corporal Gates. (1916, January 8). Nepean Times(Penrith, NSW : 1882 – 1962), p. 7. Retrieved December 16, 2013, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article86148792

On 4 November, Colonel Fiaschi, who was seriously ill…

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